Wednesday, October 27, 2010

WR 5. Sip a coffee (essay/article)- how to use writing resources

WR 5. Sip a coffee               level 4-5         25-30 min

GOAL. To learn how to express yourself about coffee/tea in your life as you find untapped resources to help the process along.

WARM UP. How do we interact with coffee? Let’s see the social and personal implications.
TASK 1. Read the text The God shot and write a quick 40-word summary of it (lexical items will be in bold type in all texts).

The God shot
The search is over: Nicholas Stein has found the world's best cup of coffee
One hundred miles east of Venice, the sleepy port of Trieste is home to much of Italy's coffee trade--including gourmet roaster Illy, which sells beans to cafes and restaurants around the globe.
Espresso is the souffle of beverages, notoriously difficult to produce with even the best raw material. At Barviadelletorri in Trieste, the first of the concept bars to open, all these disparate elements (beans, ground, flow, aroma, taste) come together in what connoisseurs call the "God shot." This perfect shot begins with quality beans, ground to a precise consistency, which changes depending upon the atmosphere and humidity. Next, the machine must generate sufficient pressure (nine bars) while keeping the water temperature between 90° and 92° Celsius. Exactly one milliliter of coffee should flow through the machine each second, leaving 30 milliliters of liquid in the ideal 30-second extraction period.
The aroma is intoxicating. The crema –the caramel-colored top layer of emulsified oils– is dark and luxuriant. The taste deserves terms –floral, complex– reserved for wine. Illy says that espresso stays on your tongue for 20 minutes. Just try waiting that long before ordering another.
                By Nicholas Stein [in AT LAST (column in FORTUNE mag)-Thursday, Jan. 9,2003]

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TASK 2. You have read a text of the product, the coffee. Copy the features mentioned above that are related to:
➢ The material element: …………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………
➢ The people involved: ……………………………………………………………………
➢ The experience of drinking: …………………………………………………………………
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LEARNING STRATEGIES
You are going to read about the act of drinking our favourite beverage and how to give a personalised touch in your writing expression.
TASK 3. Observe what happens when you google (search in Google).
We enter some concepts. For instance, these two terms: “sip a coffee” + twilight. Notice that if you need a phrase put the words between “....”). The first item “sip a coffe” refers to the action and twilight to the setting the screen produces some entries.
the sun sets and twilight calms.Its getting dark earlier now.
Summer's almost over. I sip a coffe and ponder the ‘what ifs’.
What if things had happened differently?What if things had been the same but i reacted differently? What if we had all been stronger, better ,wiser?
They're pathetic; the what ifs.Sobbed apologies

Comments: I chose this one, by chance. Then I marked those interesting items that could be of use later. I liked the setting (getting dark + sunset almost over) + reflective effects (calms, ponders) and the double question (What if?) which I will recycle in my own text:

TASK 4. Find written passages on your topic by googling (searching in Google). Analyse the one you consider appropiate as seen above.

TASK 5. Fill in the text that a learner produced. Use the personalised words below.

“My favourite cup of coffe ……………………………………………… when I ………… …………………………………… . No papers, ……………………………………………… . The sun ……………………………………………… , it’s getting dark ………………………… …………………… . Now the day light is almost over and the twilight calms. I place a spoon with cream in my lips and ……………………………………………… the ‘what ifs’ of the Saturday. It’s a ……………………………………………………….… that doesn’t need words. What if I had acted differently? I sip to ……………………………………………… . What if I hadn’t reacted that way? What if we had all been more curious? I have………………………………………….

    A. think over        B. dialogue with myself       C. I have another sip silently    D. unnoticely.
         E. no company           F. takes place at weekends                G. buy half an hour for myself.
                    H. sets slowly,          I. taste the tepid liquid.       J. another sip silently

Would you consider that the learner succeded in evoking a personalised touch? …………….

TASK 6. After reading these short opening passages written by two learners who offer a personalised insight into the topic:
1# I do love coffee. I cannot sit at my kitchen table and not drink the delicious warm white mocha, to smell it and have my 5 minutes for myself. I restrain from drinking until the heat is bearable. The first sip…. I need time to reflect on my day agenda…
2# In my family, if you're old enough to hold a cup, you are old enough to sip a coffee. My first coffee memory dates from the tender age of 5. Strolling with my uncle he had said to me: “Hey, boy, you are big already”. Later as we entered a bar I said “One coffee”. He refused. I snapped: “you just said ‘I was ‘big’ and big people drink coffee”. I didn’t get one that day, but I helped myself with the last drop from his cup -which tasted delicious!

TASK 7. Now we are helped by a professional writer, the Palestinian Mahmoud Darwich. Underline the interesting expresions of his literary craft..

The coffee, for the coffee-lover I am, it is the key moment of the day. The first cup of coffee, for the connaisseur that I am, has become a need to make it myself and not be served. Because the one who brings it to you adds some words, and the morning coffee does not bear the slightest word. It is virgin and silent. The dawn - my dawn - is foreign to the slightest word. The smell of the coffee drinks the slightest of the rumours, it is a simple ‘hello’, and goes down. [from Une Mémoire pour l'oubli]

TASK 8. Collect a handful of expressions, phrases or words that may be used to express yourself.

PRODUCTION STAGE
TASK 9. Write a composition (200-250 words) with your own experience drinking a cup of coffee in a normal day. You need a personal anecdote, a place and a time to focus your text.

ROUNDING OFF.
Have a look at the following abridged text, Two Hours of Joint Solitude by Chris Pluger, in next page. It was written as an entry in a writing contest and can be used as a model (length, mood, inspiration) for your final text.

ANNEX 1. SIP A COFFEE


Two Hours of Joint Solitude by Chris Pluger

As we speak - actually, as I sit and type this - I'm sitting in a coffee shop. (…)
Why am I here? Why did I choose to leave my warm comfy house, get in my car, and drive to this totally ordinary spot? I might ask the same question of you, if you are in fact reading this in a coffee shop, as I suspect you might be.
An easy answer for me is that a coffee shop gives me a place to escape from the same four walls. (...) Routine isn't necessarily bad, but sometimes we just need to get out. Maybe a coffee shop is the place to do it.
Another easy answer is, of course, the coffee. Sure, we can make and drink coffee at home. But how many people have you heard say, "I don't know what you guys do differently, but your coffee is just better here"? And not many people whose houses I've been to can make a halfway decent cappuccino with the little plastic thing on their counter that they call an 'espresso machine', much less an actual espresso. Not to mention the ever-popular caramel turtle mocha latte (whatever the heck that is). So maybe I'm here for the coffee.
But maybe not.
How out am I at this coffee shop? Why am I at this coffee shop? We gravitate towards coffee shops, where we can sit alone with other people and enjoy an evening and a cup of java and two hours of joint solitude. I think the existence of coffee shops, and the natural affinity we have for sitting in them, comes from deep within, from an unfulfilled longing that points us to a need we never knew we had.
Our desire to sit together in coffee shops, our longing for deep connections and meaningful relationships, points to the reality that such relationships are possible, that such connections can be made, and such togetherness is our shared destiny as humans together on Earth.
I've been sitting here for over an hour now. I still haven't spoken to anyone. My cappuccino is only a bit of foam clinging to the side of the cup. A girl is reading a book by herself. A young couple is sharing a single cup of coffee. The workers behind the counter are starting to eye the clock, hoping the customer who just walked in will take his coffee to go.
But he doesn't. He has come here for the same reason that all of us have, the same reason you are going to sit down and enjoy your coffee at a table for a few minutes instead of taking it back to your car. He stays and takes a seat because he knows, just as we do, that we were all somehow meant to be together.

         [abridged some 40%. Full text in http://www.coffeegeek.com/opinions/cafestage/10-19-2005]

Tuesday, October 26, 2010

WR 4.2. Revising musical mistakes

WR 4.2. Revising musical mistakes 3 level 30 minutes

GOAL. To learn to edit your drafts focusing on rephrasing the syntax of your previous text.

TASK 1: Read the composition below and underline the mistakes of this unsuccessful student. Analyse and correct the errors on the left partof the sheet (as you did in worksheet1).

Music all around us

It's great listen the music i like. With OT they are more new singers not very interesting. I haven't now favorites altough the unique musiciens I listen are modern groups and jazz even. I prefered always the Rolling Estons because they remember me a lot of meravellous partys.

I sing a capela some days at month. And I sing horrible when I go a bit drunk in the car when i go to home after a hard day selling appartments in my work. I listen sometimes alone the radio clasical songs of the eigthyes. I gaste my time in the pubs is more funy with friends and there music is present in all something.

Like instruments I like the electric guittar when I sense strong vibration but the flaute is an other prefered by my. I would like going to concerts with new music tendencies. In other way, I hate Rocio jurado and similars... they are bored than shout very loudly.Now one memory. I can't remember a song of Elvis excepte "Love my tender". I remember it and -i thougth in my firts love any place i hear it. We wanted go to a concert of Madonna if my fathers led we go to gether, of course.

TASK 2. Considering what she wanted to communicate, do you think he wrote a successful text? State your opinions.

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TASK 3. Underline the passages where you did not understand what she tried to express.

TASK 4. Rewrite the content of the text with your own words, so you may rephrase it somehow (that is, different syntax) but keeping the same meaning whenever possible.

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FOLLOW UP

Write about your own musical life expressing yourself as best as you can. As guidelines use these prompts: why I’m a music lover, which type of music I like more and how I enjoy it.

Check for your mistakes, avoiding the ones you found above.

WR 4.1 Revising written work: Music in my life

WR 4. Revising written work

WR 4.1. Music in my life 3 level 30 min.

GOAL. To learn to edit out one's own mistakes by dealing with those of others first.

WARMING UP.
Writing can be very communicative as some no-so-good learners know.
TASK 1. Enjoy reading this lovely composition.
Music in my life 1
There are music in the radio, in the Tv, in the batroom ...is an universal languaje. I like too ear his music with CD than a friend give me. Altough to listenig clasic records is usefull I never listen.
I love hear more that singer. I swicht the radio when I have a breakfast and ham the fashion songs. We enyoy very tipes but this not means all kinds of noise, you understand me, is'nt it? We have fortune because Benicàssim festival is during only a week , and very much laudly. I
The best compositor in the story, I thing, is Bruce Springfield, the Boss. I realy would like see him in a concert in life because his show is very excitting. I prefere lisen his letters learn us very depthy things than other singers. And I deteste thecno music.
Now a remember. Seventeen years ago when I was teenage I did a little solidarity concert with friends. They love sing and this actuation was more important for a lot of persons. The money from the entries was for poor people in València.
What more? Next week I enjoy go to a concerts of folk music. After, we'd go to our pub for drink a bear. Do you like? I invite.


TASK 2. Considering that the instructions given were these below, Was he successful? State your opinions.
Write a text about Music in your life.
Use the following questions to guide your composition.
A life without music? What singers are your favourite ones? Any dislikes? When do you listen to music? Best memories. Monthly routines and your last musical activity.

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TASK 3. Underline the passages where you did not understand what he tried to express.
LANGUAGE PRACTICE. Revising the writing mistakes.

TASK 4. Spelling is a very visible category. Sometimes mistakes are difficult to explain at your level. Circle the odd one out: altough, listenig, usefull, prefere
laudly, realy, excitting, clasic
ear > ‘hear’, batroom, thing (v), bear > ‘beer’

Why? ..............................................................................................
Most of them are related to visual or sound similarities. Some comments are bear > beer (homophone), languaje! > first language influence, I thing (v) > carelessness,
From now on, the text will be shown without spelling mistakes.

TASK 5. Look at the underlined words. Copy them in this classyfying list correcting them:
There are music in the radio, in the TV, in the batroom ... is an universal language. I like too ear his music with CD than a friend give me. Although to listening classic records is useful I never listen.

vocabulary
syntax

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grammar:tense:
preposition:
comparative
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TASK 6. How could you express the same meaning of each sentence with your own words? More than one possibility is accepted.

1-There are music in the radio, in the Tv, in the batroom ...is a universal language.
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2- I like too ear his music with CD than a friend give me.
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3- Although to listening classic records is useful I never listen.
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TASK 7. Analyse the mistakes of the second paragraph in this unsuccessful student.
Classify (syntax, grammar -tense, preposition, comparative, etc. - & etc) and correct them. Vocabulary have been done below.
I love <1> hear more that singer. I swicht the radio when I have a breakfast and <2> ham the fashion songs. We enyoy very tipes but this not means all kinds of <3> noise, you understand me, is'nt it? We have fortune because Benicàssim festival <4> is during only a week , and very much loudly.
The best compositor in the <5> story, I thing, is Bruce Springfield, the Boss. I <6> really would like see him in a <7> concert in life because his show is very excitting. I prefer listen his <8> letters <9> learn us very depthy things than other singers. And I deteste techno music.

Copy any relevant mistake to you with this classifying list and correct them:
vocabulary: <2> to hum a song (inaudible words, just the melody), <3> sound, <4> lasts (v)
<5> history, <7> live concert (adj + v), <8> lyrics, <9> teach, show
syntax <1> to listen more than to sing, <6> would really like

grammar -tense,
preposition,
adjectives
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TASK 8. Rewrite the content of the following lines with your own words, keeping the same meaning (whenever possible).
Now a remember. Seventeen years ago when I was teenage I did a little solidarity concert with friends. They love sing and this actuation was more important for a lot of persons. The money from the entries was for poor people in València.
What more? Next week I enjoy go to a concerts of folk music. After, we'd go to our pub for drink a beer. Do you like? I invite.

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FOLLOW UP

Write your own text following the instructions given in task 2. Express yourself as best as you can. Check for your mistakes, avoiding the ones you found above.

Monday, October 25, 2010

WR_3.2. ANNEX 1. Wikipedia.org

ANNEX 1. Writing 3.2. Wikipedia.org

Bias, sabotage haunt Wikipedia's free world

Getting it wrong.


With no editorial board, Wikipedia (at wikipedia.org) works amazingly well. However many registered users there are, the Wikipedians have developed a complex and more-or-less democratic system of rules and policies for contributions, such as neutral point of view, civility, citation of sources, and no libel or vandalism.

The project has 150 computer servers in South Korea, Amsterdam, Paris, and Florida, all managed day to day by volunteers. Indeed, the whole thing is run by volunteers, with a corps of about 800 administrators at the center -- experienced, committed Wikipedians with special powers, elected by the community at large.

While Wales -- internally known as Jimbo, and sometimes referred to as the ''god-king" or ''benevolent dictator" -- retains ultimate control as president and chairman of the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation, he doesn't supervise content and takes no salary. He has only two full-time staff members, and funds to support the project come mostly from public fund-raising, in gifts of $50 to $100. Wikimedia Foundation -- which has spun off such ''sister projects" as Wikiquote, Wikinews, and Wictionary -- spent $750,000 last year and expects to spend $1 million to $2 million this year.


Anyone can edit.


''There are many more good people than bad -- in the world, and in this project," said Wales. It's a remark you hear from many Wikipedians. Wales, raised in Alabama, had long had a dream ''to have a free, high-quality encyclopedia in all the languages of the world. I think that global universal access to basic information can have a transformative impact on the world."

At first, Wales says, he doubted the anyone-can-edit system would work over time. He had suspected that, ''as traffic grew, we would have to lock things down. The major revelation was how good people are -- the vast majority of edits are helpful. We were able to remain open and flexible after more growth than we thought possible." Today the encyclopedia has multiplied into versions in more than 200 languages, 85 of them with at least 1,000 articles. By some estimates, there are 40,000 contributors in all languages.

But the vandals multiplied, too, and the sabotage points up a fundamental philosophical difference between the Wales and Sanger schools. Wales believes open editing should remain, and that evildoers, or ''trolls," can be defeated or kept at bay by the good people, using sensible rules and effective tools. Sanger [co-founder] believes supervision should be in the hands of specialists. ''Wikipedia is not sufficiently committed to the involvement of expert contributors or to a review process that is credible to the public," he said. ''There is a difference between something that is more or less guaranteed to be the best representation of expert knowledge, and a pretty good guess on the part of amateurs working together."


The vandal fighters.


Some contributors also lost patience with the ''edit wars," in which a persistent ignoramus battles with a well-informed contributor, each side deleting the changes of the other. Such wars erupt over politics, culture, biography, and religion, and pages often have to be ''protected" -- wholly or partially locked against changes. Cynics might expect the vandals to win in the end -- after all, graffiti artists never quit. But there's a core of loyal Wikipedians who are determined that they won't.

Wikipedia administrator Ryan Kaldari, 28, of Nashville, is an active vandal-fighter. (...) Now he watches some sensitive articles like a hawk and several times has temporarily protected them. Kaldari insisted, ''It's important for the history to be there -- to have a record of how an article has evolved."

Another vandal-fighter is administrator David Denniston, 48, of Santa Barbara, Calif. A high-tech manager and composer with a doctorate in music, Denniston has written 400 articles on medieval music. At home and at work, Denniston watches the ''recent changes" page and his own ''watch list," and using various shortcut software tools available to insiders, he zaps vandalism almost as soon as it appears.


Voices of skepticism.


Aside from sabotage, for many people the big question about Wikipedia is accuracy.

A December article in the journal Nature found that at least in science, its articles are only slightly less accurate than Encyclopedia Britannica. And college students are increas-ingly relying on it. However, some academics are skeptical.

An e-mail request to a variety of scholars to look at articles in their fields turned up some complaints. >>But most of those queried had no big complaints. ''Thus far my experience of Wikipedia has been quite positive, with quite high levels of accuracy," replied historian William Cronon of the University of Wisconsin and author of ''Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West." ''I just skimmed the entry on Chicago, and what I did read seemed basically accurate."

Even so, anyone may find errors. Wikipedians brush off such lapses. Wikipedia is a work in progress, they insist, and Larson's repair to the Tubman entry only proves that it works. The site has an explicit disclaimer: ''Use Wikipedia at your own risk. . . .Wikipedia cannot guarantee the validity of the information found here."

Despite the questions, there's widespread admiration for Wikipedia among the Internet intelligentsia.

''I keep waiting to find out that there's really a group of editors behind it," said Jonathan Zittrain, professor of Internet governance at Oxford University and cofounder of Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet and Society. He has doubts, too. ''It's not brute-force vandalism that will be a problem," he said. ''There's a more subtle bias and spin." Once publicists and marketers realize Wikipedia is one of the top results on Google searches, Zittrain said, ''whether it's Wal-Mart, a university, or a person, they will paint a positive picture on it. When it becomes so successful, people with agendas have reason to be part of the fray."


Tomorrow: Meet the Wikipedians [you read parts of it in task 4] David Mehegan can be reached at Mehegan@globe.com.

http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2006/02/13/many_contributors_common_cause/

WR_3.2. The men behind Wikipedia

WR 3.2 The men behind Wikipedia 3rd-4th level 40-50 minutes

GOAL. To write long summaries, using our Wikipedia as a topic.
In our previous worksheet (WR3.1) we read about Columbus origins … in English. Now we will judge Wikipedia value as a ‘Free Edition resource and a successful enterprise’.

WARMING UP.
TASK 1. Have a look at the information displayed on the main page at wiki.org and fill in the blanks with the number of articles (in thousands) found in their pages.
English ..................... Deutsch ...................... Français ..................... Polski .....................
Hihongo (Japanese) ..................... Nederlands ..................... Italiano .....................
Português ..................... Svenska ..................... Español ..................... Català .....................

TASK 2. Have a look at the information displayed below from 22 October 2006

English 1 451 000+ articles
The Free Encyclopedia –
Deutsch 485 000+ Artikel
Die freie Enzyklopädie-
Français - 382 000+ articles
L’encyclopédie libre
Polski 308 000+ haseł
Wolna encyklopedia -

Hihongo - 277 000
Japanese Encyclopedia +
Nederlands 235 000 artikelen
De vrije encyclopedie -
Italiano 208 000+ voci
L’enciclopedia libera -
Português 191 000+ artigos
A enciclopédia livre

- Svenska - 189 000+ artiklar
Den fria encyklopedin
Español - 164 000+ artículos
La enciclopedia libre
Viquipèdia, > 43.791 articles
L’enciclopèdia lliure


Would you agree with this statement: “Wikipedia has been the best available reference resource ever”.

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TASK 3. After reading these four passages from four Romanic languages, answer the question below:

1 # “También hay quienes sostienen que es posible que fuese portugués, castellano, catalán, mallorquín, gallego o ibicenco. La historia más fidedigna y documentada de Cristóbal Colón comienza..”

2 # „Columb s-a născut în Genova, Italia, în jurul anului 1451. Informaţii despre începutul carierei sale de navigator sunt ne sigure”.
3 # “In ogni caso, ... Di sicuro non si sa quasi niente di lui in data anteriore al 1470 ... In genere tali versioni tendono al nazionalismo”

4 # « Actuellement, divers historiens étudient l'hypothèse selon laquelle il aurait été portugais, catalan, basque, galicien, même grec, et très probablement d'ascendance judaïque »



Q. Do you agree with the following statement: “The same company offers clearly biased content”? …...



TASK4. Read article: ‘Many contributors, common cause’.
Wikipedia volunteers share conviction of doing good for society
Wikipedians are a varied group, and while they may not know one another except online, most share two things: comfort with computers and the online world, and delight with the idea of contributing to a free encyclopedia for the entire world. Here are some faces and voices of Boston-area Wikipedians. [source: Globe Staff - Feb. 13 2006 ]

Emily Dunn, 18, of Lexington, is a senior at Lexington High School.
''I love it. I think it's great. I use it in place of what I used to use Google for. A lot of times, if you Google something, you won't find a basic explanation.
I'm interested in Boston-area articles, Boston music and bands. I started the Amanda Palmer article. I've started a number of articles. The one I'm most proud of is Dinah Cancer and the Graverobbers. The coolest thing is to watch how an article changes. If you look at the first edit [i.e., the original version], it's like, wow, look what it became! ''I have 123 articles on my watch list."
Brandon Stafford, 33, of Cambridge, works in information technology for a local company.
''In about 2002, I started noticing it in Google results and thought, 'This is stupid -- an encyclopedia that anyone could edit?' -- and dismissed it. (…)''It might not be reliable, but I know that people are generally [contributing] because they want to provide accurate information. They're not getting anything out of it -- no money. 'I've realized there are smart people contributing, not just weirdos on the Web -- this is actually a community. People have been very welcoming. . . I'm fairly idealistic and do believe in founder Jimmy Wales's idea of bringing universal access of all human knowledge to everyone."

Chun-Shek Chan, 24, of Somerville, has a bachelor's degree in computer science and a master's in broadcast journalism.
''There are different language versions [of Wikipedia], but some have only a handful of articles. My major contribution is to find articles in English, German, or French and compile them into a Chinese [article], trying to inject something relevant to Chinese culture. If you pull them all together, you get a bigger picture.
''I created an article about an Argentine comic strip called Mafalda, published between 1964 and 1973. I did major work on one English-language article: “US television news”. I went to this article and thought, 'This is bad; I could do better.' I did several days of research and completely rewrote it.
Jeff Raymond, 24, of Millbury, works for a book publisher.
''I was aware of the site before I started to add to it. You start looking at it and before you know it, you think, 'I can add to this or that.' It's an addictive thing. Once I got into it, I started working on independent [rock] bands that didn't have entries. Before you know it, it snowballs.
''It's a neat concept. You get the feeling you might be informing someone about something they might not have known about before. That's the fun of it. Sometimes I think, 'Why do I bother?' but then I realize, 'Who knows who will ever see it, but I'm leaving a mark.' ''. . .The one major downside is that people can put in anything they want, and it's up to others to correct it. It's a definite problem in the arts that I pay attention to."
TASK 5. Answer the following questions about the article you read in Task 4.
Q1. Which are Brandon’s contributions: ……………………………………………………
Chun-Shek’s contributions: …………………………………………………………………………………
Q2. Which are the main viewpoints of these contibutors to the project:
Positive: ………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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Downside: ………………………………………………………………………………………………
TASK5. Write a summary about the human profile of wikipedians according to the text you read.
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TASK 6. Here you have a kind of summary for the wikipedians. Underline the key content items.
Wikipedia volunteers share conviction of doing good for society
Wikipedia volunteers | February 13, 2006. Who are the Wikipedians, these unsupervised volunteers, most of whom will never meet face to face? Who are these people who made Wikipedia, with no one leading or directing them?
There is no simple answer, since they're spread all over the English-speaking world. But leaving aside the vandals who do their worst to wreck the project, interviews with participants over the past few weeks can be pieced together into a partial profile. Wikipedians -- as they call themselves -- tend to be young, bright, lively readers. They are highly educated, intellectually curious, sociable, interested in many things and in finding new interests. They are computer-savvy. They are also idealistic and optimistic about people and the good things they can accomplish when they collaborate. And they're confident they can outlast, outwit, and defeat the people they call trolls and vandals, who represent the dark side of Wikipedia.
TASK 7. Read both boxes and include both, ambitions and troubles, in your summary using some of the key lexical elements you underlined in previous task.


1 # ‘‘Wikipedia’s goal is to give everyone on the planet free access to information,’’ Jimmy Wales, the founder of wikipedia.org, said february 2006 in a speech in Boston.

2 # Because of recent vandalism or other disruption, editing of this article by unregistered or newly registered users is currently disabled.



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TASK 8. Read the beginning of this text and continue reading it in annex 1. Underline all the key content elements you would include in your summary.
Bias, sabotage haunt Wikipedia's free world
By David Mehegan, Globe Staff | February 12, 2006
In five years, Wikipedia has amassed a mountain of impressive articles, written by thousands of anonymous contributors. But the dark side of that freedom is that Wikipedia's articles are becoming battlegrounds, pitting writers with biased viewpoints and vandals trying to sabotage entries against a volunteer band of ''Wikipedians" who constantly seek to set the record straight.
For the true believers, Wikipedia is far more than a reference work. It's a movement, a social circle, a proof of the power of free Internet content, even a kind of optimistic cult. ''Wikipedia's goal is to give everyone on the planet free access to information," founder Jimmy Wales said last week in a speech in Boston. ''We're talking about bringing people in to join the global conversation."
At the same time, teachers and college professors are wondering whether they should allow students to cite Wikipedia as a source in term papers, which they are increasingly doing. Given its inherent nature as a work in progress, some wonder whether Wikipedia can ever be a reliable source of information.

TASK 9. Write your own summary on The world of Wikipedia (250-300 words).
You may structure it in the four parts of the text:

Getting it wrong, anyone can edit, the vandal fighters, voices of skepticism

Writing 3.2. Wikipedia key:
TASK 1 & 2. (open)
TASK 3. four passages from four Romanic languages, …Q. Do you agree with the following statement: “The same company offers clearly biased content”?
A: Not that bad > Wikipedians seem quite aware of not a definite anwser for the puzzle of Columbus’ origins.

TASK 4. Q1. Which are their main contibutions to the project:
Brandon: local articles about Boston (rock bands)
Chun-Shek: Chan translate articles to Chinese, create TV news & Mafalda in English.
Q2. Positive: net concept (nothing to hide), usefulness, fairly idealistic, quick changing pace, fun and addictive,
Downside: information accuracy, vandalism in the content, extrawork to fix it up, needs some control
[source: By David Mehegan, Globe Staff | February 13 2006 (abridged) ] http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2006/02/13/many_contributors_common_cause/

TASK 6. Underline the key content items.
Wikipedia volunteers share conviction of doing good for society
Wikipedia volunteers | February 13, 2006. Who are the Wikipedians, these unsupervised volunteers, most of whom will never meet face to face? Who are these people who made Wikipedia, with no one leading or directing them?
There is no simple answer, since they're spread all over the English-speaking world. But leaving aside the vandals who do their worst to wreck the project, interviews with participants over the past few weeks can be pieced together into a partial profile. Wikipedians -- as they call themselves -- tend to be young, bright, lively readers. They are highly educated, intellectually curious, sociable, interested in many things and in finding new interests. They are computer-savvy. They are also idealistic and optimistic about people and the good things they can accomplish when they collaborate. And they're confident they can outlast, outwit, and defeat the people they call trolls and vandals, who represent the dark side of Wikipedia.
TASK 8. Read the beginning of this text and continue reading it in annex 1. Underline all the key content elements you would include in your summary.
Bias, sabotage haunt Wikipedia's free world
By David Mehegan, Globe Staff | February 12, 2006
In five years, Wikipedia has amassed a mountain of impressive articles, written by thousands of anonymous contributors. But the dark side of that freedom is that Wikipedia's articles are becoming battlegrounds, pitting writers with biased viewpoints and vandals trying to sabotage entries against a volunteer band of ''Wikipedians" who constantly seek to set the record straight.
For the true believers, Wikipedia is far more than a reference work. It's a movement, a social circle, a proof of the power of free Internet content, even a kind of optimistic cult. ''Wikipedia's goal is to give everyone on the planet free access to information," founder Jimmy Wales said last week in a speech in Boston. ''We're talking about bringing people in to join the global conversation."
At the same time, teachers and college professors are wondering whether they should allow students to cite Wikipedia as a source in term papers, which they are increasingly doing. Given its inherent nature as a work in progress, some wonder whether Wikipedia can ever be a reliable source of information.

WR_3. The art fo summarising. WR 3.1. Decoding Columbus

WR 3. The art fo summarising

WR 3.1. Decoding Columbus 3-4-5 level 30-40 m.

GOAL. To learn how not to bias a text on one direction while summarising its content.
WARMING-UP
TASK 1. According to what you know of the historical character, answer the questions below.
Q1. Most people would agree with this sentence: “The man who gave the world another world: Columbus”. Do you? Explain. ………………………………………………………………………………
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Q2. Do you think tha sentence “Hardly another august character in the world's record has made so little of its opportunities” is suitable to him? Why? Why not? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
LANGUAGE PRACTICE with wikipedia
TASK 2. Explore the content of Wikipedia, the popular online enciclopaedia on him. To familiarise with this enciclopaedia will dive in five of its rich interactive pages. For 6 minutes:
Q1. Click on main article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus
Q2. Visit these pages and give your mark (1 least > 5 most) on the quality of the information:
A/ article Columbus day, > …….. B/ wikiQUOTE section > ….. C/ One external link> ……..
This Christopher_Columbus page is in English .. and it is also offered in a score of languages on the left of the page. Click on català / español / français /or italiano. My mark > ……..
Now you will learn something about the NorthAmerican reception of Columbus.
TASK 3. Use your brain cells to skim the main Wikipedia page and answer these questions:
Regardless the Hispanic legacy in LatinAmerica he is also present in local names:
a) one state in Canada: ……………………………………
b) Washington D.C. where D.C. stands for ……………… of ………………………
capital cities of two USA states: Colombus, in O…… & Columbia in S…… C……………………
TASK 4. Go to webpages inside the main article Christopher_Columbus. Answer these questions:
Q1. Click on Columbus day article (click there):
a) Which year was Columbus day (click there) held for first time in the US? ………
b) Who made it a US institution? In which year? ……………………………………
c) When is it celebrated today? ……………………………………
Q2. Can you find who wrote the second quotation in task 1: “Hardly another character …” (go to wikiQUOTE at the end of the page)? ………………………………………………………
Q3. Browse one external link at the bottom of the page: ‘The Eclipse That Saved Columbus’ in Science News, Ivars Peterson, 7 October 2006. How did he save himself?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
TASK 5. Visit the article ‘Origin_theories_of_Christopher_Columbus’ found in the link in
section 1. Life. (It is a new stem that has not been replicated in other languages yet.)

He adapted his name wherever he stayed. In that way he camouflaged his origins. His Latin signatura said XTO FERENS (Christ’s bearer =portador de Crist) as seen on the left. Can you write Columbus’ name in Portuguese, Italian and Latin?
P……………………………………
I……..………………………
L ………………………………………

PRODUCTION STAGE.
TASK 6. Find lexical items that deal with his origins in the article (check afterwards with task 7).
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As you need to work with a language bank it is a good idea if you collect specimens in your notebook.
TASK 7. Notice the expressions below to express certain ideas and language functions:

uncertainty > It was (widely) accepted that Columbus was Italian. / some actual sources hinted to the possibility ..

statements > he maintained his Italian ethnicity throughout his life. / His true identity is unknown /

The question of Columbus's nationality was scarcely raised until 1892 celebrations

factual information from documents written by his contemporaries / many existing legal documents demonstrate his .............. origin / his handwriting, the words Columbus used, and the linguistic mistakes he made, …

contradiction > although it is generally accepted that / However, several theories exist .. / Other accounts claimed that his ................. / A historian has put forward documents … while another scholar has noted that ….

topicalisation > The question of….. / Signs of his ...................... heritage were also searched for. / regarding his national origin, …. / On the issue of … / analysis of his language suggested that .............

adverbs: scarcely - (most) widely – firmly – unconsistently -

TASK 8. Write a first version (60 words) with your summary on “Columbus’ uncertain origins”.
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TASK9. Read now Rosella Lorenzi’s text. Underline how she presents the sources and contradictions
Columbus is widely thought to have been born in 1451 in Genoa, Italy, the son of wool trader Domenico Colombo and Susanna Fontanarossa.
Other theories, however, argue that the explorer was born in Spain, his real name being Cristóbal Colón. Various versions of the story have Columbus as a pirate born in Catalonia, a Catalan Jew who fled to Genoa to hide from the Spanish Inquisition, and the illegitimate son, born in Majorca, of Spain's prince of Viana. (Written in Discovery News on the 25 Jan 2006)

Would you say her text is more distant/impartial/unbaised than yours? …………………..

TASK 10. Write your summary (70-80 words) on “Columbus’ uncertain origins”.
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Wr 3.1. Decoding Columbus KEY
TASK 1. According to what you know of the historical character, answer the questions below.
Q1. Do you agree? (open, probably you will. We still use the metaphor “New world” to America.)
Q2. “Hardly another character in the world's record has made so little of its opportunities” is suitable to him? (Open. Point out thet the continent is nemed after some other character Americo Vespucio). But he was not forgotten, And perhaps someone will remember he came back to Seville with chains and spent some time in prison).
TASK 3. Q2. Give your mark (1 least > 5 most) on the quality of the information: (open: my marks>)
A/ article Columbus day, > 4or 5. B/ wikiQUOTE section > 1 or 2 C/ One external link> 2 or 3.
TASK 3. Use your wits to browse the page and answer these questions:
Q1. Regardless the Hispanic legacy in LatinAmerica he is also present in (a) one state in Canada, in (b) Wahsington D.C. and (c,d) a couple of capital cities of two USA states.
Canada: BRITISH COLUMBIA. D. C. stands for DISTRICT of COLUMBIA
Colombus, capital of OHIO Columbia, capital of SOUTH CAROLINA
TASK 4. Q1. CULTURAL NOTE. You have to click on Columbus Day in the introduction! We read here:
Columbus Day was first celebrated by Italians in San Francisco in 1869, following on the heels of 1866 Italian celebrations in New York City. The first state celebration was in Colorado in 1905, and in 1937, at the behest of the Knights of Columbus (a Catholic fraternal service organization named for the voyager), President Franklin Delano Roosevelt set aside Columbus Day as a holiday in the United States. Since 1971, the holiday has been commemorated in the U.S. on the second Monday in October, the same day as Thanksgiving in neighboring Canada.
a) Which year was Columbus day held for first time? 1866 IN NEW YORK
b) Who made it a US institution? FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT IN 1937
c) When is it celebrated today? ON THE SECOND MONDAY IN OCTOBer
Q2. Can you find who wrote the quotation (go to wikimediacommon at the end of the page)?
JUSTIN WINSTON –AMERICAN HISTORIAN
Q3. Do yo think “Hardly a name in profane history is more august than his. Hardly another character in the world's record has made so little of its opportunities.” is suitable to him? Why?
Quite. The continent name went after Americo Vespuccio and he died poor and dishonored (in prison)

TASK 4. Q1. He adapted his spelling wherever he stayed. His Latin signatura said XTO FERENS (Christ’s bearer =portador de Crist).
Port. Cristóvão Colombo Italian Cristoforo Colombo Latin Christophorus Columbus

TASK 6. Find lexical items that deal with his origins in the article (check afterwards with task 7).
(compare yours with those in task below)
TASK 7. Notice the expressions below to express certain ideas and language functions:

uncertainty > It was (widely) accepted that Columbus was Italian. / some actual sources hinted to the possibility

statements > he maintained his Italian ethnicity throughout his life. / His true identity is unknown /

The question of Columbus's nationality was scarcely raised until 1892 celebrations

factual information from documents written by his contemporaries / many existing legal documents demonstrate his .............. origin / his handwriting, the words Columbus used, and the linguistic mistakes he made, …

contradiction > although it is generally accepted that / However, several theories exist .. / Other accounts claimed that his ................. / A historian has put forward documents … while another scholar has noted that ….

topicalisation > The question of….. / Signs of his ...................... heritage were also searched for. / regarding his national origin, …. / On the issue of … / analysis of his language suggested that .............

adverbs: scarcely - (most) widely – firmly – unconsistently –

TASK9. Read now Rosella Lorenzi’s text. Underline how she presents the sources and contradictions

More probable (according to accepted history):

Columbus is widely thought to have been born in Genoa

Other theories, however, argue that the explorer was born (…somewhere else)

Various versions of the story have Columbus as (1) a pirate born in Catalonia,

(2) a Catalan Jew who fled to Genoa to hide from the Spanish Inquisition, and

(3) the illegitimate son, born in Majorca, of Spain's prince of Viana.

Would you say her text is more distant/impartial/unbaised than yours?

(Open, But probably it is, as Lorenzi’s text is quite unbiased)

PS: To balance the nationalism of languages, we Clicked on several pages: (also used in Writing3.2)

español, italiano. français & portugues:

“También hay quienes sostienen que es posible que fuese portugués, castellano, catalán, mallorquín, gallego o ibicenco. La historia más fidedigna y documentada de Cristóbal Colón comienza..”

“In ogni caso, ... Di sicuro non si sa quasi niente di lui in data anteriore al 1470 ... In genere tali versioni tendono al nazionalismo”

« Actuellement, divers historiens étudient l'hypothèse selon laquelle il aurait été portugais, catalan, basque, galicien, même grec, et très probablement d'ascendance judaïque »

„Columb s-a născut în Genova, Italia, în jurul anului 1451. Informaţii despre începutul carierei sale de navigator sunt nesigure”.


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